News is the communication of selected information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third-party or mass audience.

Etymology

One theory claims that the English word "news" developed in the 14th century as a special use of the plural form of "new". In Middle English, the equivalent word was ''newes'', like the French ''nouvelles'' and the German ''neues''. Similar developments are found in the Slavic languages – the Czech and Slovak ''noviny'' (from ''nový'', "new"), the cognate Polish ''nowiny'' and Russian ''novosti'' – and in the Celtic languages: the Welsh ''newyddion'' (from ''newydd'') and the Cornish ''nowodhow'' (from ''nowydh'').

History

Before the invention of newspapers in the early 17th century, official government bulletins and edicts were circulated at times in some centralized empires.

The first documented use of an organized courier service for the diffusion of written documents is in Egypt, where Pharaohs used couriers for the diffusion of their decrees in the territory of the State (2400 BC). This practice almost certainly has roots in the much older practice of oral messaging and may have been built on a pre-existing infrastructure.

In Ancient Rome, ''Acta Diurna'', or government announcement bulletins, were made public by Julius Caesar. They were carved in metal or stone and posted in public places.

In China, early government-produced news sheets, called tipao, circulated among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the ''Kaiyuan Za Bao'' ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang Dynasty published government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government officials. In 1582 there was the first reference to privately published newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty.

In Early modern Europe, increased cross-border interaction created a rising need for information which was met by concise handwritten newssheets. In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly ''Notizie scritte'', which cost one gazetta. These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently to Italian cities (1500–1700) — sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers. Due to low literacy rates, news was at times disseminated by town criers.

Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, from 1605, is recognized as the world's first newspaper.

The oldest news agency is the Agence France-Presse (AFP). It was founded in 1835 by a Parisian translator and advertising agent, Charles-Louis Havas as Agence Havas.

In modern times, printed news had to be phoned in to a newsroom or brought there by a reporter, where it was typed and either transmitted over wire services or edited and manually set in type along with other news stories for a specific edition. Today, the term "breaking news" has become trite as commercial broadcasting United States cable news services that are available 24-hours a day use live satellite technology to bring current events into consumers' homes as the event occurs. Events that used to take hours or days to become common knowledge in towns or in nations are fed instantaneously to consumers via radio, television, mobile phone, and the Internet.

Newspapers

Most large cities in the United States historically had morning and afternoon newspapers. As the media evolved and news outlets increased to the point of near over-saturation, most afternoon newspapers were shut down. Morning newspapers have been gradually losing circulation, according to reports advanced by the papers themselves. Commonly, news content should contain the "Five Ws" (who, what, when, where, why, and also how) of an event. There should be no questions remaining. Newspapers normally place hard news stories on the first pages, so the most important information is at the beginning. Busy readers can read as little or as much as they desire. Local stations and networks with a set format must take news stories and break them down into the most important aspects due to time constraints. Cable news channels such as BBC News, Fox News, MSNBC, and CNN, are able to take advantage of a story, sacrificing other, decidedly less important stories, and giving as much detail about breaking news as possible.

News organizations are often expected to aim for objectivity; reporters claim to try to cover all sides of an issue without bias, as compared to commentators or analysts, who provide opinion or personal point-of-view. The result is a laying out of facts in a sterile, noncommittal manner, and then standing back to "let the reader decide" which view is true. Several governments impose certain constraints or police news organizations against bias. In the United Kingdom, for example, limits are set by the government agency Ofcom, the Office of Communications. Both newspapers and broadcast news programs in the United States are generally expected to remain neutral and avoid bias except for clearly indicated editorial articles or segments. Many single-party governments have operated state-run news organizations, which may present the government's views.

Even in those situations where objectivity is expected, it is difficult to achieve, and individual journalists may fall foul of their own personal bias, or succumb to commercial or political pressure. Similarly, the objectivity of news organizations owned by conglomerated corporations fairly may be questioned, in light of the natural incentive for such groups to report news in a manner intended to advance the conglomerate's financial interests. Individuals and organizations who are the subject of news reports may use news management techniques to try to make a favourable impression. Because each individual has a particular point of view, it is recognized that there can be no absolute objectivity in news reporting.

Newsworthiness

Newsworthiness is defined as a subject having sufficient relevance to the public or a special audience to warrant press attention or coverage.

In some countries and at some points in history, what news media and the public have considered "newsworthy" has met different definitions, such as the notion of news values. For example, mid-twentieth-century news reporting in the United States focused on political and local issues with important socio-economic impacts, such as the landing of a living person on the moon or the cold war. More recently, the focus similarly remains on political and local issues; however, the news mass media now comes under criticism for over-emphasis on "non-news" and "gossip" such as celebrities' personal social issues, local issues of little merit, as well as biased sensationalism of political topics such as terrorism and the economy. The dominance of celebrity and social news, the blurring of the boundary between news and reality shows and other popular culture, and the advent of citizen journalism may suggest that the nature of ‘news’ and news values are evolving and that traditional models of the news process are now only partially relevant. Newsworthiness does not only depend on the topic, but also the presentation of the topic and the selection of information from that topic.

New Ecology of News

“Everything we thought we once knew about journalism needs to be rethought in the Digital Age”, professor of Sociology and Communication Michael Schudson points out. Today the work of journalism can be done from anywhere and done well. It requires no more than a reporter and a laptop. In that way, journalistic authority seems to have become more individual- and less institution-based. But does the individual reporter always have to be an actual journalist? Or can journalistic work be done from anywhere and by anyone? These are questions that refers to the core of journalistic practice and the definition of “news” itself. As Schudson has given emphasis to, the answer is not easily found; “the ground journalists walk upon is shaking, and the experience for both those who work in the field and those on the outside studying it is dizzying”.

Schudson has identified the following six specific areas where the ecology of news in his opinion has changed: 1. The line between the reader and writer has blurred 2. The distinction among tweet, blog post, newspaper story, magazine article, and book has blurred 3. The line between professionals and amateurs has blurred, and a variety of “pro-am” relationships has emerged 4. The boundaries delineating for-profit, public, and non-profit media have blurred, and the cooperation across these models of financing has developed 5. Within commercial news organizations, the line between the news room and the business office has blurred 6. The line between old media and new media has blurred, practically beyond recognition

These alterations inevitably has fundamental ramifications for the contemporary ecology of news. “The boundaries of journalism, which just a few years ago seemed relatively clear, and permanent, have become less distinct, and this blurring, while potentially the foundation of progress even as it is the source of risk, has given rise to a new set of journalistic principles and practices”, Schudson puts it. It is indeed complex, but it seems to be the future.

References

Further reading

Stephens, Mitchell. "The History of News - 3rd Ed" Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.

External links

Category:Television terminology

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Kenenisa Bekele (Amharic:ቀነኒሳ በቀለ; born June 13, 1982 in Oromia Region, Ethiopia) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner, who holds the world record and Olympic record in both the 5000 metres and 10,000 metres events. He is the reigning Olympic champion over 5000 metres and two time champion over 10,000 metres and the most accomplished runner in IAAF World Cross Country Championships history, with six long (12K) course and five short (4K) course titles. Bekele was unbeaten over 10,000 m from 2003 until his first loss in 2011, and with his vast array of medals, many consider him to be one of the greatest distance runners of all time.

He is the older brother of Tariku Bekele, also an accomplished distance runner.

History

Kenenisa was born in 1982 at Bekoji, in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia, the same town as the Dibaba sisters; Ejegayehu, Tirunesh and Genzebe, and their cousin Derartu Tulu.

In August 2001 he set a new 3000 metres World Junior Record, 7:30.67 in Brussels. The record was broken by Augustine Choge four years later.

For five years in a row, from 2002 through 2006, he took both short (4K) and long (12K) races at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, a feat no other runner has accomplished even once. In 2004, he broke the world records for the indoor 5000 m, outdoor 5000 m and outdoor 10,000 m.

Kenenisa is renowned for his ability to accelerate very quickly at the end of a long distance race; in Oslo in June 2003, Bekele chased after Kenyan Abraham Chebii and ran a 54.64 final 400 to win the race in 12:52.26. Again in Lausanne on 1 July 2003, Kenenisa recorded a 200 m segment during the last lap in 24 seconds and a 100 m section in 11.xx seconds to run a 52.63 final lap.

Kenenisa has faced his mentor Haile Gebrselassie once in road competition, once in cross country, and six times on the track. Haile defeated Kenenisa on the track in the 2000 Nurnberg 5000 metres, the 2001 Great Ethiopian Run 10 km, and the Cross de l'Acier in December 2001, but lost to Kenenisa in Hengelo 2003 over 10,000 m (26:53 to 26:54), Rome 2003 over 5000 m (12:57 to 13:00), Paris 2003 World Championships over 10,000 m (26:49 to 26:50), Athens 2004 Olympic Games (27:05 to 27:27), and in the 10,000 m in the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games (27:01 to 27:06).

2005 - 2008

On 4 January 2005, Kenenisa's fiancee, 18-year-old Alem Techale, died of an apparent heart attack while on a training run with him. Although it was initially stated that no autopsy was performed, Alem and Kenenisa's manager, Jos Hermens, later said that an autopsy had revealed nothing conclusive about the young woman's death. She was the 2003 World Youth Champion in the 1500 metres and in excellent physical condition.

Over the next several weeks following Alem's death, Kenenisa grieved. He resumed racing on 29 January, and lost indoors over 3000 m to South African Irishman Alistair Cragg after sprinting towards the line with one and a half laps to go, while thinking that there was only half a lap left. Such confusion was presumed to have been caused by his grief. A few weeks later he lost to fellow Ethiopian Markos Geneti over 2 miles. In March, Kenenisa faced his toughest challenge yet. Despite his grief and recent losses on the track, he lined up to defend his long and short course titles at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. In dramatic fashion, Kenenisa bested the field in the short course despite a fast pace set by Qatari Saif Saaeed Shaheen. He followed that win with a long course victory the next day over Eritrean Zersenay Tadese and Kenyan rival Eliud Kipchoge. The 2005 World Cross Country double victory is considered by many to be the most amazing of Kenenisa's career to date.

On 8 August 2005, Kenenisa Bekele won the gold medal in the 10,000 m at the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki with a stunning last 200 m spurt.

On 26 August 2005, Kenenisa set the current 10,000 m world record 26:17.53 at the 29th Memorial Van Damme meeting – TDK Golden League – in Brussels, Belgium, slicing nearly 3 seconds off his previous world record 26:20.31, and running with 5000 m halves of 13:09 and 13:08. At the end of 2005 Bekele was voted the'' Track & Field News'' magazine athlete of the year for the second year in a row.

When Kenenisa won the 3000 m at the World Indoor Track & Field Championships in Moscow on 12 March 2006, he became the first athlete in history to be Olympic champion, world outdoor track champion, world indoor track champion, and world cross country champion.

In 2006 he won five out of six ÅF Golden League events (5000 m) in the same season, which earned him a total of $83,333.

On 17 February 2007, he broke the indoor world record over 2000 m in Birmingham, UK, with a time of 4:49.99. His spectacular final 300 m aided this time which would be considered excellent even outdoors.

On 24 March 2007, however, his remarkable racing streak of 27 consecutive victories in cross country races (dating back to his last previous loss in December 2001) came to an end when after leading the race in the penultimate lap of the 2007 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Mombasa he succumbed to the very hot, humid conditions (which caused more than 1/6 of all competitors to drop out) and was passed by eventual winner Zersenay Tadese on the last lap before Kenenisa dropped out. This was greeted with cheers by the Kenyan crowds, an occurrence which has been frowned upon by the wider athletics community.

He recovered from that rare failure to take the 10,000 metres title at the 2007 IAAF World Championships in Osaka, once again besting his compatriot Sileshi Sihine. During that race, he looked like he was going to be dropped several times over the last 800 metres, but recovered to overtake Sileshi with 150 metres to go and take his third straight world title.

On 18 November 2007, Kenenisa married Ethiopian film actress Danawit Gebregziabher at the Sheraton Addis, in Addis Ababa.

In Edinburgh on 30 March 2008, Bekele won his 6th World Cross Country title (long course - 12k), breaking the three way tie of 5 wins he had previously shared with Paul Tergat and John Ngugi. With this win, Kenenisa laid sole claim to most decorated athlete in IAAF World Cross Country Championships history. He has won 6 long course (12k) individual gold medals, 5 short course (4k) gold medals, 1 junior championship (8k), and 4 team gold medals for a sum total of 16 gold medals. His overall medal count (both individual and team results) stands at 27 medals: 16 gold, 9 silver and 2 bronze.

2008 Beijing Olympics

On 17 August 2008 Kenenisa won gold in the 10,000 m finals with a time of 27:01.17, setting a new Olympic Record in the process. In a race in which 20 men broke the 28 minute barrier and four finished under Bekele's 2004 Olympic record of 27:05.10, he needed his renowned finishing kick to pull out the victory, running a 53.42 second final 400 metres (similar to the 53 second final 400 meter sprint he used to win the gold medal in Athens in 2004 over the same distance).

On 23 August 2008 Kenenisa bested his competitors and won the 5000 m finals, shattering Saïd Aouita's Olympic Record by almost eight seconds with a time of 12:57.82. The race was remarkable for Kenenisa's manner of doing most of the pacing himself before accelerating to a scintillating finish: his last 3000 metres only took 7:35.53, his final 2000 metres 4:56.97, last 1600 metres 3:57.01 (=3:58.6 final mile) and his final lap a punishing 53.87 seconds.

By winning the 10,000/5000 m double in the Beijing Olympics, Kenenisa joined another elite group of athletes: Hannes Kolehmainen (1912), Emil Zátopek (1952), Vladimir Kuts (1956), Lasse Virén (twice, in 1972 and 1976), and Miruts Yifter (1980).

2009 World Championships

Kenenisa won two gold medals at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, held in Berlin. His double victories in 5000 m (13:17.09) and 10,000 m (26:46.31) were unprecedented and by doing this became the first man to take both the long distance track gold medals at the same World Championships. His talent combination of endurance and speed has made it nearly impossible to defeat Kenenisa when he is in full strength. During the 10,000m race in which Kenenisa was running behind Eritrea's Zersenay Tadesse, the broadcaster declared "it is over, in fact it was over from the start" as the final lap began and Kenenisa returned a close race into a blowout. The IAAF announcer concluded, "this man is probably the greatest distance runner we will ever see." Ethiopia Kenenisa vs Eritrea Zersenay tadesse In spite of his unrivaled success in athletics, he did not experience the mainstream appeal that others such as Haile Gebrselassie did. His quiet demeanour and aversion to interviews did not make him a highly marketable athlete in the Western world. Fellow world record holder Usain Bolt stated that Bekele's achievements had not received the recognition that they deserved.

2010

Kenenisa made a disappointing start to the new year, finishing 4th in the Cross Country International at Edinburgh, in a race he was favored to win. The conditions out on the course did not appear to be favorable to him, with several inches of snow settled over the park. After staying with the lead group for the first few kilometers, team running by a trio of talented Kenyan athletes ran him out of the contest over the last few long laps. Bekele spent the entirety of the indoor and outdoor seasons out, with a ruptured calf muscle. He is expected to return to competition some time in 2011.

Current world records (as of October 2008)

5000 m indoor world record 12:49.60 (Birmingham, on 20 February 2004)

5000 m world record 12:37.35 (Hengelo, on 31 May 2004)

10,000 m world record 26:17.53 (Brussels, on 26 August 2005, breaking his previous record of 26:20.31 from 8 June 2004)

2000 m indoor world record 4:49.99 (Birmingham, on 17 February 2007)

2 mile indoor world best 8:04.35 (Birmingham, on 16 February 2008)

.

Personal bests

]> align=right> 7:25.79 align=right align=right

Distance			! Date	! Location
1500 m	3:32.35	28 September 2007
3000 m	|	7 August 2007	Stockholm
5000 m	12:37.35 (WR) ||	31 May 2004	Hengelo
10,000 m	26:17.53 (WR) ||	26 August 2005	Brussels

Major victories

2009 World Track Champion 5000 m, Berlin

2009 World Track Champion 10,000 m, Berlin

2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Athletics 5000 m, Beijing

2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Athletics 10,000 m, Beijing

2008 African Championships in Athletics 5000 m, Addis Ababa

2008 World Cross Country Championships (12K), Edinburgh

2007 World Track Champion 10,000 m, Osaka

2006 African Championships in Athletics 5000 m, Bambous

2006 World Cross Country Champion in short race (4K), Fukuoka

2006 World Cross Country Champion in long race (12K), Fukuoka

2006 World Indoor Track Champion 3000 m, Moscow

2005 World Cross Country Champion in short race (4K), Saint-Étienne

2005 World Cross Country Champion in long race (12K), Saint-Étienne

2005 World Track Champion 10,000 m, Helsinki

2004 World Cross Country Champion in short race (4K), Brussels

2004 World Cross Country Champion in long race (12K), Brussels

2004 Olympic Champion 10,000 m, Athens

2003 World Cross Country Champion in short race (4K), Avenches

2003 World Cross Country Champion in long race (12K), Avenches

2003 World Track Champion 10,000 m, Paris

2002 World Cross Country Champion in short race (4K), Dublin

2002 World Cross Country Champion in long race (12K), Dublin

2001 World Junior Cross Country Champion 8000 m

References and notes

External links

The Official Kenenisa Bekele Website

Kenenisa Bekele Webpage

Beijing 2008 Men 10000 m - EthioTube Video

Beijing 2008 Men 5000 m - EthioTube Video

IAAF: Focus on Athletes

Haile Gebrselassie| title=Men's 10,000 m World Record Holder| years=8 June 2004 – | after=Incumbent}} Haile Gebrselassie| title=Men's 5,000 m World Record Holder| years=31 May 2004 – | after=Incumbent}} Hicham El Guerrouj|after= Asafa Powell|years=2004 – 2005}} Stephen Cherono|title=Men's 5000 m Best Year Performance|years=2004 – 2009|after=Incumbent}} Haile Gebrselassie Micah Kogo|title=Men's 10,000 m Best Year Performance|years=2004 – 20052007 – 2009|after= Micah Kogo Josphat Kiprono Menjo}} Isaac Kiprono Songok|title=Men's 3000 m Best Year Performance|years=2007|after= Edwin Cheruiyot Soi}}

Category:Ethiopian long-distance runners Category:World record holders in athletics (track and field) Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Olympic athletes of Ethiopia Category:Olympic gold medalists for Ethiopia Category:Olympic silver medalists for Ethiopia Category:Olympic medalists in athletics (track and field)

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}} Tirunesh Dibaba also known as Tirunesh Dibaba Kenene (Amharic: ጥሩነሽ ዲባባ ቀነኔ; born October 1, 1985 in Bekoji, Arsi, Ethiopia) is an Ethiopian long distance track athlete and the outdoor 5000 metres world record holder. She is the current Olympic 5000 metres and 10,000 metres champion. She has also won four world track titles and five world cross country titles. She is nicknamed the "Baby Faced Destroyer".

Born in the village of Bekoji, Dibaba was the 4th of 6 children. She is a member of the Oromo ethnic group, and was raised in the high-altitude Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region. She began doing athletics at the age of 14. She moved to the capital Addis Ababa in 2000.

Dibaba is part of an athletic family, with older sister Ejegayehu Dibaba also making her mark on the international stage and brother Dejene marked as a future star. Their sister Genzebe won the junior race at the 2008 World Cross Country Championships. 1992 and 2000 Olympic champion Derartu Tulu is also their cousin. She continues the successful athletic history of the Oromo people in long distance running.

Career

Dibaba's first fully-international outdoor track event was the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Running at the age of 15 in women's junior race, she finished 5th. She won the 5000 m silver medal at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games.

Dibaba had great success in the world championships athletics events of 2003, 2005 and 2007. In 2003, Dibaba won the 5000 m in a sprint finish against Marta Dominguez of Spain and Edith Masai of Kenya. She became the youngest athlete ever to win an individual gold medal at the World Championships. So little was known about her that during this race British commentators Steve Cram and Brendan Foster failed to mention her name even once until the final 100 metres. At the 2005 championships, Dibaba produced a blistering finish to out-sprint compatriot Berhane Adere and her own sister Ejegayehu and also became the first woman to win the 10,000/5,000 m double at the same championships. In 2007, when the championships were held in Osaka, Dibaba again utilised her sprint finish to overhaul Turkey's Elvan Abeylegesse despite a tumble that happened mid-race and having abdominal pains throughout the race. She became the only woman to win back-to-back 10,000 m titles. In Osaka, Dibaba won with a time of 31:55.41.

At the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Dibaba was beaten into third place by Meseret Defar of Ethiopia and Isabella Ochichi of Kenya in 5000 m event. The result was considered by some to be a disappointment but at 19, she still became the youngest ever medalist for Ethiopia at the Olympics.

In 2006 she won five out of six Golden League events (5000 m) in the same season, which earned her a total of $83,333.

Dibaba is also a remarkably successful cross country runner; she has five IAAF World Cross Country Championships victories, including one junior title (Lausanne, 2003), one short course title (Saint-Galmier, 2005), and two long course titles (Saint-Galmier, 2005, and Fukuoka, 2006). From 2007, there was just one race in each category. Dibaba won the silver in the women's race at Mombasa in 2007 and the gold at Edinburgh in 2008.

Dibaba is known to have an on-track rivalry with Meseret Defar, and races featuring the two are highly anticipated, but rare, usually only occurring at championships.

A major feature of Dibaba's running style is an incredible sprint finish. During the final lap of the 10,000 m in 2005, Dibaba was clocked over the closing 400 m in 58.33 seconds.

Double Olympic gold

Dibaba created a new 5000 metres world record, 14 minutes 11.15 seconds, at the Oslo Golden League 2008 meeting.

Dibaba won 10,000 metres Gold in Beijing Olympic on August 15, 2008, setting a new Olympic record time of 29:54.66; the old record of 30:17.49 had been set by fellow Ethiopian and cousin Derartu Tulu at Sydney Olympic Summer Games back in 2000. The new Olympic record was also the second fastest 10,000 meters of all time and an African record. The previous African record (30:04.18) was held by Berhane Adere, set at the 2003 World Championships.

One week later on August 22, 2008 she won the 5000 metres by beating the defending gold medalist Meseret Defar. Dibaba finished the race in 15:41.40. This olympic double win made her the first ever woman to win both 5000 and 10,000 metres at the same Olympics.

She was named 2008 ''Track & Field News'' Athlete of the Year. She also received the IAAF award for the female Performance of the Year for 2008, the same award she already collected in 2005.

After Beijing Olympics

In 2009 injuries prevented her from competing in the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Amman and 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

On November 15, 2009 she won the Zevenheuvelenloop 15 kilometres race in Nijmegen, Netherlands and beat Kayoko Fukushi's 15 km world record by almost half a minute, finishing in 46:28. This was her first competitive road race since 2005, but she downplayed the idea of moving on to road running, stating that the track remained her priority.

At 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Bydgoszcz she couldn't repeat her great performances from previous championships and finished "only" fourth.

Dibaba defended her 10,000 m title at 2010 African Championships in Athletics in Nairobi with a time of 31:51.39 ahead of teammate Meselech Melkamu and Linet Masai of Kenya. Her final 400 m was timed at 61 seconds.

Personal life

Dibaba is married to 2004 and 2008 Olympic 10,000 meter silver medallist Sileshi Sihine.

After the Beijing Olympics her club, the Prisons Police, bestowed the rank of Chief Superintendent for her services to club and country. The hospital named after her is located on the outskirt of Addis Ababa.

IAAF Results

Diamond League

Diamond League is an annual series of track and field meets organised by the IAAF and founded in 2010. ]> align=center>1st align=center

Year			! Event	! Result	! Mark
rowspan=2 valign=center	2010	Adidas Grand Prix, New York City	5000 m		15:11.34
London Grand Prix	Aviva London Grand Prix, London	5000 m ||	1st	14:36.41

World Athletics Final

World Athletics Final was an annual athletics competition organised by the IAAF from 2003 to 2009. ]> align=center>3rd align=center align=center align=center align=center

Year			! Event	! Result	! Mark
rowspan=1 valign=center	2003	Monaco	5000 m		14:57.87
rowspan=1 valign=center	2005	Monaco	5000 m ||	2nd	14:46.84
rowspan=2 valign=center	2006			>align=center | 8:34.74
align=center	5000 m	>align=center | 16:04.77
rowspan=1 valign=center	2009	Thessaloniki	5000 m ||	2nd	15:25.92

Golden League

Golden League was an annual series of track and field meetings organised by the IAAF from 1998 to 2009. ]> align=center>11th align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center align=center

Year			! Event	! Result	! Mark
rowspan=2 valign=center	2002		3000 m		8:41.86
Internationales Stadionfest	Berlin	5000 m ||	6th	14:49.90
rowspan=2 valign=center	2003		5000 m ||	3rd	14:39.94
Golden Gala	Roma	5000 m ||	4th	14:41.97
rowspan=2 valign=center	2004		5000 m ||	2nd	14:30.88
Golden Gala	Roma	5000 m ||	4th	14:47.43
rowspan=1 valign=center	2005		5000 m ||	1st	14:32.57
rowspan=6 valign=center	2006		5000 m ||	1st	14:30.40
Meeting Gaz de France	Paris Saint-Denis	5000 m ||	1st	14:54.24
Golden Gala	Roma	5000 m ||	1st	14:52.37
Weltklasse Zürich	Zürich	5000 m ||	1st	14:45.73
Memorial Van Damme	Bruxelles	5000 m ||	1st	14:30.63
Internationales Stadionfest	Berlin	5000 m ||	2nd	15:02.87
rowspan=1 valign=center	2007		5000 m ||	1st	15:21.84
rowspan=2 valign=center	2008		5000 m ||	1st	14:11.15
Golden Gala	Roma	5000 m ||	1st	14:36.58

Personal bests

Outdoor

]> align=right> 14:11.15 (World records in athletics align=right align=right align=right

Event			! Date	! Location
3,000 m	8:29.55	July 28, 2006
5,000 m	WR) ||	June 6, 2008	Oslo
10,000 m	29:54.66 ||	August 15, 2008	Beijing
5 km (road)	14:51 ||	April 3, 2005	Carlsbad, California>Carlsbad
15 km (road)	46:28 (WR) ||	November 15, 2009	Nijmegen

Indoor

]> align=right> 9:12.23 align=right

Event			! Date	! Location
3,000 m	8:33.37	January 26, 2008
Two miles	|	February 20, 2010	Birmingham
5,000 m	14:27.42 ||	January 27, 2007	Boston

Video Interview

Video Interview of Tirunesh Dibaba before and after 2007 IAAF World Championships 10,000m

References

External links

The Official Tirunesh Dibaba Website

IAAF "Focus on Athletes" article

Athletics Africa report

Tirunesh Dibaba's profile from Global Athletics

Beijing 2008 Women's 10000 m EthioTube Video

Beijing 2008 Women's 5000 m EthioTube Video

Article from Running Times

Article from Runner's World

Meseret Defar| title=Women's 5,000 m World Record Holder| years=June 6, 2008 – present | after=Incumbent}} Meseret Defar|after= Sanya Richards|years=2008}} Meseret Defar|title=Women's 5,000 m Best Year Performance|years=2008 – 2009|after= Vivian Cheruiyot}}

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:Ethiopian athletes Category:Ethiopian long-distance runners Category:Ethiopian sportswomen Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Ethiopia Category:Olympic athletes of Ethiopia Category:Olympic gold medalists for Ethiopia Category:World record holders in athletics (track and field) Category:Olympic medalists in athletics (track and field)

am:ጥሩነሽ ዲባባ zh-min-nan:Tirunesh Dibaba ca:Tirunesh Dibaba cs:Tiruneš Dibabaová de:Tirunesh Dibaba et:Tirunesh Dibaba es:Tirunesh Dibaba fr:Tirunesh Dibaba hr:Tirunesh Dibaba it:Tirunesh Dibaba he:טירונש דיבאבה lv:Tiruneša Dibaba hu:Tirunesh Dibaba nl:Tirunesh Dibaba ja:ティルネシュ・ディババ no:Tirunesh Dibaba pl:Tirunesh Dibaba pt:Tirunesh Dibaba ru:Дибаба, Тирунеш sk:Tiruneš Dibabová sl:Tiruneš Dibaba fi:Tirunesh Dibaba sv:Tirunesh Dibaba tr:Tirunesh Dibaba uk:Тірунеш Дібаба zh:蒂鲁内什·迪芭芭

name	Bill Byrne
birth place	Boston, Massachusetts
education	BA, Idaho State, 1967MBA, Idaho State, 1971
occupation	Athletic Director
spouse	Dr. Marilyn Byrne
children	2 sons }}

Clarence William "Bill" Byrne, II is the current athletic director of Texas A&M University, a position he has held since January 2003.

Early life

Byrne grew up in Idaho. He attended Idaho State University, where he served as student body president and received a bachelor's degree in business in 1967. He went on to receive his MBA in 1971. From 1971–76, he served as the director of alumni relations at Idaho State. He then moved to the University of New Mexico, where he would serve as the executive director of the New Mexico Lobo Club, the division within the athletic department responsible for raising athletic scholarships, from 1976–79. From 1980–82, he was the assistant athletic director at San Diego State University.

Athletic director career

Byrne started his head athletic directing career in 1984 at the University of Oregon. At Oregon, he led a $19 million fundraiser that helped to build new buildings for the football team and athletic offices. For his role in the fundraiser, he was named National Fundraiser of the Year by the National Athletic Fundraisers Association in 1985. He served as the athletic director at Nebraska for 11 years from 1992-2003. His teams won 8 national championships and 82 Big Eight and Big 12 Conference championships. His athletic program compiled seven straight top 25 finishes in the standings of the NACDA Director's Cup. He resigned from Nebraska on December 2, 2002 to take over as athletic director at Texas A&M. Byrne's youngest son Greg Byrne is the current athletics director at the University of Arizona

Previous Employment

1971-1976 Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID

1976-1979 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM

1980-1982 San Diego State University, San Diego, CA

1983-1992 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR

1992-2002 University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

2002–present Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

Honors

2007 Carl Maddox Sports Management Award

2005 Professional Achievement Award presented by the Idaho State University Alumni Association

2002 John L. Toner Award winner

1999 Central Region National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Director of the Year

1991-92 President of NACDA

1985 National Athletic Fundraisers Association Fundraiser of the Year.

References

Idaho State Award

External links

Category:Nebraska Cornhuskers athletic directors Category:Oregon Ducks athletic directors Category:Idaho State University alumni Category:Living people Category:Texas A&M Aggies athletic directors

}}

Veronica Campbell-Brown C.D (born 15 May 1982) is a track and field sprint athlete, competing internationally for Jamaica. A five-time Olympic medallist, she is the reigning Olympic 200 metres champion. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, she ran the 200 m in 21.74 seconds (the fastest time in a decade) and became the second woman in history to win two consecutive Olympic 200 m events, after Bärbel Wöckel of Germany did so at the 1976 and 1980 Olympics. Veronica Campbell-Brown is ranked the second fastest Jamaica woman over 60 meters, fourth fastest over 100 meters and third fastest fastest over 200 meters

Early life

Campbell was born to Cecil Campbell and Pamella Bailey in Trelawny, Jamaica on 15 May 1982. She has nine brothers and sisters and attended Vere Technical High School in Clarendon before pursuing higher education in the United States.

Junior career

In 1999, she won two gold medals the 100 m and 4 × 100 metres relay at the inaugural IAAF World Youth Championships. The following year, she became the first female to win the sprint double at the IAAF World Junior Championships. She took the 100 m in 11.12 s (the current championship record) and the 200 m in 22.87 s. At the 2000 Olympic Games, she ran the second leg on the silver medal winning 4 × 100 m relay team. Campbell was the only female athlete to win both the 100 m and 200 m sprints at the same World Youth Championships, until Jodie Williams of Great Britain did so in 2009.

College career

Campbell attended Barton County Community College in Great Bend, Kansas, where she set several records and won many titles including four national junior college titles in the 60, 100 and 200 metres both indoors and outdoors. She set the current record for Barton County CC in the outdoor 100 m and 200 m. Campbell also excelled in academics earning an associates degree from Barton County in 2002 with a 3.8 grade average. She later attended the University of Arkansas where she stood out as a sprint star in a program dominated by long-distance runners.

Professional career

Campbell-Brown ran at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 4×100 m relay along with Tayna Lawrence, Beverly McDonald, Merlene Frazer and sprint veteran and Olympic legend, Merlene Ottey. They finished second in the finals in a time of 42.13, behind neighbours, Bahamas which gave 18 year old Campbell-Brown her first Olympic medal.

At the 2004 Olympics, Campbell first placed third in the 100 m and two days later won the 200 m, beating out Allyson Felix of the United States. She later teamed up with Aleen Bailey, Tayna Lawrence, and Sherone Simpson to win the 4 × 100 m relay race.

In August 2005, Campbell won the silver medal in the 100 m at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics as well as another silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay (together with Daniele Browning, Aleen Bailey and Sherone Simpson).

At the 2007 World Championships, Campbell won three medals with a gold in the 100 m, a silver in the 200 m (second to Felix) and a silver in the 4 × 100 m relay.

At the 2008 Jamaican Olympic trials, she finished fourth in the 100 m, thereby missing the qualifying requirement to automatically make the Jamaican Olympic roster for that event. She clocked 10.88 s in the final, which is the second fastest time ever for a fourth place finish. She however bounced back to take the 200 m final in a personal best of 21.94 s. Failing to qualify for the 100 m, she only competed in the 200 m and the 4 × 100 m relay at the Olympic Games. At the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, Veronica Campbell-Brown carried the Jamaican flag during the Athletes' Parade. She successfully defended her Olympic 200 m title in a new personal best time of 21.74 s. She competed at the 4 × 100 m relay together with Shelly-Ann Fraser, Sheri-Ann Brooks and Aleen Bailey. In the first round heats, Jamaica placed first in front of Russia, Germany and China. The Jamaican teams' time of 42.24 s was the first time overall out of sixteen participating nations. With this result, Jamaica qualified for the final, replacing Brooks and Bailey with Sherone Simpson and Kerron Stewart. Jamaica did not finish the race due to a mistake in the baton exchange.

At the end of the 2008 season, Campbell-Brown was selected the top 200 m runner in the world as well as the fourth best in the 100 m (following three other Jamaicans) by ''Track and Field News''. She also finished eighth overall in voting for the magazine's Woman of the Year.

She qualified for her third World Championships by winning the 200 m national title. She beat runners up Shelly Ann Fraser and Simone Facey with a time of 22.40 seconds in June 2009, although a toe injury had left her lacking full fitness. At the 2009 World Championships Campbell-Brown was fourth in the 100 m final behind teammates Fraser and Stewart. She then won her second World 200 m silver behind American Allyson Felix. She closed the season at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix, recording her fastest of the year (10.89) to take second behind Carmelita Jeter, who became the second fastest ever with 10.64 seconds. Although she was roundly beaten by Jeter, Campbell-Brown was the fourth fastest 100 m sprinter overall that season.

Personal life

In 2007, Campbell married Omar Brown, a fellow Jamaican sprinter and University of Arkansas alumnus. They currently live and train in Clermont, Florida. She was appointed as a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in late 2009, and stated that she would use the role to promote gender equity in sport.

Achievements

Campbell-Brown's personal best of 10.76 s in the 100 m ranks her all-time top ten in the world (9th place) and fourth among Jamaican women. Her 200 m best (21.74 s) ranks her in the all-time top ten in the world. This time is the third best among Jamaican women. It is the fastest time of the 21st Century, and the fastest since Marion Jones's 21.62 s in Johannesburg 1998.

Personal bests

!Event	!Time (seconds)	!Venue	!Date	!Remarks
60 metres	7.00	Doha, Qatar	14 March 2010
	9.91+	Ostrava, Czech Republic	31 May 2011
100 metres	10.76	Ostrava, Czech Republic	31 May 2011
200 metres	21.74	Beijing, China	21 August 2008
400 metres	52.24	Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States	22 January, 2005

+ = en route to a longer distance

All information from IAAF Profile

----

Competition record

!Year	!Tournament	!Venue	!Event	!Place	!Result
1998		Annecy, France	100 m		12.04
1999		Bydgoszcz, Poland	100 m		11.49
	rowspan=2		100 m		11.12
200 m		22.87
	rowspan=2		100 m		11.00
2002 Commonwealth Games>Commonwealth Games	4 x 100m		42.73
	rowspan=2		100 m		10.97
200 m		22.05
rowspan=2		100 m		10.91
200 m		22.64
	rowspan=2		100 m		10.95
200 m		22.38
rowspan=2		100 m		10.92
200 m		22.37
2006		Melbourne, Australia	200 m		22.72A
	rowspan=2		100 m		11.01
200 m		22.34
2008		Beijing, China	200 m		21.74
	rowspan=2		100 m		10.95
200 m		22.35
2010	2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships	Doha, Qatar	60 m		7.00

References

External links

IAAF "Focus on Athletes" article

Veronica Campbell Photos

Allyson Felix|title=Women's 200 m Best Year Performance|years=2004|after= Allyson Felix}}

Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Jamaican sprinters Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2002 Commonwealth Games Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Jamaica Category:Olympic athletes of Jamaica Category:Olympic gold medalists for Jamaica Category:Olympic silver medalists for Jamaica Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Jamaica Category:University of Arkansas alumni Category:Arkansas Razorbacks track and field athletes Category:People from Trelawny Parish Category:Olympic medalists in athletics (track and field)

ca:Veronica Campbell-Brown cs:Veronica Campbellová-Brownová de:Veronica Campbell-Brown et:Veronica Campbell-Brown es:Veronica Campbell fr:Veronica Campbell-Brown hr:Veronica Campbell-Brown it:Veronica Campbell lv:Veronika Kempbela-Brauna lt:Veronica Campbell nl:Veronica Campbell ja:ベロニカ・キャンベル＝ブラウン no:Veronica Campbell pl:Veronica Campbell-Brown pt:Veronica Campbell-Brown ru:Кэмпбелл-Браун, Вероника sk:Veronica Campbellová-Brownová fi:Veronica Campbell-Brown sv:Veronica Campbell-Brown tr:Veronica Campbell uk:Вероніка Кемпбелл-Браун zh:维罗尼卡·坎贝尔-布朗